Theory of architectural design guidelines

and technology for the design of houses.

Theoretical proposal of thermal comfort

Abstract

* Methodology

* Definition of study area

* Housing, thermal comfort and building materials

* Diagnosis and results

* Guidelines and theoretical proposal

* Conclusions

* Recommendations

* Bibliography

ABSTRACT

Is essentially an assessment of thermal comfort in social housing in order to determine the possible guidelines for future implementation and theoretical design of a house that is capable of improving the thermal comfort of those already studied in the evaluation, proposing potential prelude to a theoretical design of housing to provide thermal comfort. This research was also to be a helpful tool in the consultation and / or preparation for future work by degrees to continue studies have proposed here, as well as the possibility that in future these guidelines are prepared as a matter of compulsion for all future houses in the municipality of San Cristobal.

Keywords: Thermal Comfort, housing, temperature, theoretical proposal, materials, ventilation, lighting, orientation, social concern, agencies, tree planting, radiation, conductivity.

INTRODUCTION

The human being is not just him in its environment in order to develop an optimal manner must be accompanied by positive factors, one of them and very important factor is housing, good conditions for the latter are indispensable for the development of individual their environment, these somehow define their behavior and development, ie, the housing is a physical-space habitat that can unleash, strengthen, weaken or inhibit the behavioral tendencies of individuals and families who live there, the occupation prolonged housing, tends to strengthen these arrangements, and eventually, the family in their ongoing effort to fit that mold physical space ends up internalizing such behavior, conduct root in common. The behavior may be positive or negative, depending on the trends and the formation of the habitat, characteristics and attributes which could be managed for the benefit of social development purposes.

Housing satisfies the need for protection and shelter, but it is also necessary that the place of habitation is safe, functional and enjoyable. Otherwise the quality of life and family welfare may be affected. The objective of this research is to create a theory of architectural design guidelines and technology for it is proposed to evaluate the thermal comfort to the homes (in this case affordable housing within the Municipality of San Cristobal). This research is structured in 6 chapters, Chapter I presents the preliminary framework giving the specifics of the investigation as the overarching objective, methodology, among other things. Chapter II shows the theoretical relation to housing, thermal comfort and building materials, Chapter III deals with case studies found on the subject, Chapter IV explains in a general legal framework of the thermal comfort in the country , and Chapter V Housing and thermal comfort in San Cristobal and finally in Chapter VI proposes the creation of theoretical guidelines for architectural design and technology.

METHODOLOGY

In the first part of the research uses a descriptive methodology, qualitative and quantitative. Data collection and description of existing environments indoors allows the same analysis as a theoretical basis that is exposed in the investigation. Aid the analysis of local weather patterns establishes guidelines that guide the creative process allowing the theoretical structure of design.

DEFINITION OF STUDY AREA

The area of the Municipality of San Cristobal is an area that displays a variety of examples of single-family buildings planned and spontaneous growth, being an easily accessible area that has not yet been evaluated from the thermal point of view, therefore see the need for conduct a survey of housing conditions of the area comprising the Municipality of San Cristobal, Edo. Tachira. The delimitation of the study area was conducted according to information provided by the city of San Cristobal Land Office. The Municipality of San Cristobal composed of 4 parishes.

HOUSING CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS THERMAL COMFORT

Is defined as those social housing building by the state. According to Article 5 of the Housing Policy Act published in Official Gazette No. 37,066 dated October 30, 2000 “It is declared of public utility and social interest in the activities related to housing assistance. According to Article 6: housing assistance housing include the following: among them, No. 2: Adequacy of existing homes and Number 3: production of new homes. ” You could say that affordable housing is a response in aid to the most needy, in order to facilitate access of populations with high rates of poverty to a housing solution. The current policy of seeking social housing to respond to two critical demands: to provide housing solutions for low-income areas with low ability to pay monthly fees and promote employment, especially in the sectors affected by his limited training, unemployment or underemployment and lack of opportunities. Currently, the National Housing Institute (INAVI) and all institutions of one form or another work with state resources and housing policy are governed by the “Decree with Rank and Force of Law that Regulates the Subsystem of Housing and Housing Policy “published in Gazette Extraordinary No. 5392 of 22.10.1999, and their operating rules governing the decree. There is a range in which the human body feels “comfortable.” The study of the effects of climate impact on the human body is called Thermal Comfort. The degree of comfort that has been defined as mental condition which expresses satisfaction with the environment. An ideal thermal environment is one in which the occupants do not express any warmth. The condition is a neutral state in which the body does not need to take any particular action to maintain their own thermal balance. Thermal comfort in the home is determined by the local climate and soil factors and guidance. The thermal characteristics of materials used in construction are directly related to the level of comfort you get humans. Depending on the degree of thermal conductivity, ability to transmit body heat by conduction, the materials used, the home will have a certain protection against heat and cold.

DIAGNOSIS AND RESULTS

Classification of the developments made by the state for a period of 10 years (1992-2002), to obtain the result that only two of them belonged to the class of social interest, with a visit that was to go there, and through Direct comments to the site and interact with their users, as well as support with photographic images, with all this it was found that the design of housing is the same in both developments, as well as the materials used. The use of surveys provided more information which resulted in all respondents are happy and feel good at home, so no need to express to modify their existing homes, this as subjective data. It’s because people already have adapted to this environment that gives them their home being the place (for them) more comfortable and secure. We conducted an internal temperature record (with green wall thermometers ready to 1.50 m high) for one week to two selected households is found even though both houses are built with the same materials and design have similarities in there amplitude difference of 1 ^0 C heat.

THEORETICAL AND PROPOSED GUIDELINES

For the specification of the guidelines took into account legal and social considerations that enable the smooth handling of such, the guidelines were based on architectural features (orientation, location, lighting, ventilation) and technology (building materials as those used in area). The proposed theoretical model of social housing that would provide better thermal comfort is carried out based on the flaws found in the homes studied, this as the beginning of a long process to develop in the future taking into account the above aspects.

CONCLUSIONS

According to diagnosis, social housing built and designed for building State institutions are sometimes made to fill a shortfall of housing within the municipality under study, as in certain homes are delivered to users without having been completed as well as the construction materials used do not help keep the state of thermal comfort that can help the better development of their users within it. The materials used for the construction of these homes require a preliminary study to ensure good thermal conductivity to the different changes in temperature and solar radiation. The proposed guidelines were in response to the flaws found in each of the housing developments and evaluated. The results lead to the realization of future research where the design is exposed to the detail of a house of its kind to present a detailed analysis of temperature levels in their respective analysis of the materials used.

RECOMMENDATIONS

It is very important to continue the study proposed in this research as it ensures the quality of future social interest houses the Municipality of San Cristobal. It is imperative that these types of investigations are taken into account by state agencies and institutions as they provide interesting data for the construction industry. Update the study of the properties and thermal conductivity coefficients can submit building materials used, because they constantly come to market new components with different characteristics. Expand the study to other municipalities of the state. UNET is recommended as an institution that supports the various projects that are managed within the Research Program on the Environment and Ecotechnology.

ABSTRACT

This graduate work has been performed in order to enumerate the possible theoretical guidelines for architectural design and technology that lead to the creation of houses to provide better thermal comfort. This proposal is viable at the Dean of Research specifically in the Research Program, Environmental and Ecotechnology where there is a line in reference to the subject under study.

Is essentially an assessment of thermal comfort in social housing in order to determine the possible guidelines for future implementation and theoretical design of a house that is capable of improving the thermal comfort of those already studied in the evaluation, proposing potential prelude to a theoretical design of housing to provide thermal comfort.

This research was also to be a helpful tool in the consultation and / or preparation for future work by degrees to continue studies have proposed here, as well as the possibility that in future these guidelines are prepared as a matter of compulsion for all future houses in the municipality of San Cristobal.

Keywords: Thermal Comfort, housing, temperature, theoretical proposal, materials, ventilation, lighting, orientation, social concern, agencies, tree planting, radiation, conductivity.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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2 .- Jan Bazant, Manual Urban Design Standards, Editorial Trillas Mexico 1990

3 .- Camous, Roger, “The bioclimatic habitat” from conception to construction, GG / Mexico, Editorial Gustavo Gili, SA Barcelona, 1986.

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5 .- Gomez, Antonio, “Panorama del Tachira” first edition, Maracaibo, Zulia, Venezuela. 1982.

6 .- Olgyay, Victor, “Bioclimatic Architecture ‘bioclimatic design manual for architects and urbanistas.Editorial Gustavo Gili, SA Barcelona, 1998.

7 .- Siem, Giovanni; Sosa, Maria Eugenia. Products, Technology and Construction Vol 17-2 2001, pp 29-34. http://www.arq.luz.ve/tyc/abstract317II.htm

8 .- Affordable Housing Seminar. Current status and prospects. May 2000

9 .- Finucci Urdaneta, Enrique, “Habitat for all” progressive accommodation expandable basic units and urban ecological preservation, affordable housing Foundation, the National Housing Council, Caracas, Venezuela 1994.

10 .- The article “The Social Housing in Montevideo”, Mrs. Hugo Baracchini appeared in the Journal of the Faculty of Architecture at the University of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay No. 7 of December

1966.

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22 – 02/12/2004

23 .- 12.02.2004

Arch Zayari Hernandez Lozano

Venezuela