* Cultures of Jalisco

* Tonala

* Foundation and history of Tonala

* Parties, dance and traditions of Tonala

* Tastoanes meaning of the word

* History

* Dance of the Tastoanes

* The festivities, its evolution

* Conclusion

* Bibliography

Introduction

First, the objective of this research is to learn more about one of the indigenous cultures of Jalisco which to me is very important in several municipalities in the state and interesting this culture is the culture Tastoanes for a long time has been kept alive by its history and popular festival that began at about the sixteenth century and formed an important part in the cult of St James which is closely related to the holiday and they would not be nothing without the other.

And also intend to continue keeping alive the tradition and interest in this culture that has been part of our state for so long and has been defended and acknowledged by many and also meet several elements of religious origin. And make known their history and evolution of the popular festivals of the region as well as mention some other indigenous cultures of our state.

And why not also know a little about Tonala’s history that I find quite interesting and the meanings or meanings of “Tone” and “tastoanes.”

We also know their dress and dance as well as their masks and making them all that I can also see in the video that appears at the end and the images presented in this research.

Cultures of Jalisco

The author of the rock Guillen presented the book Jalisco Indigenous cultures he mentions one of the most complex and original traditions of Mexican culture. He points out that the festival is tastoanes is a popular party in the sixteenth century I am part of the cult of St James and lasts at least 3 days to a week. This festival brings together elements of Christian, pagan and pre-Hispanic European artistic expressions, use wooden or plastic masks with Indian gestures, the costumes are mestizo shrieking tones and music is teponaxtles and hornpipes.

In Guadalajara are accentuated some indigenous cultures such as the Huichol (Wixaritari) in northern Jalisco, the Nahua of southern Jalisco and indigenous metropolitan dof. Indian and other immigrant peoples, such as the Otomi, Purepecha and Mixteco.

Tonala

Tonallan comes from the Nahuatl word meaning “place where the sun rises.” This approach is best accepted by the tonalteca.

Tonala is located in the central-eastern state of Jalisco to 14 miles from the center of the cd. In Guadalajara, the capital.

Ixtlahuacan bordered to the north of the river south to the town jump on the west to east to Tlaquepaque and Guadalajara and Zapotlanejo.

Its land area is 119.58 square kilometers. The largest colonies of the municipality are: golden hill, colony Jalisco, the holy rosary and Paula.

Foundation and history of Tonala

Founded by Zapotec Indians, which at over the years mixed with other tribes, including the Toltecs, also arrived in the region nahualtecas tribes.

About 1510, the Purepecha kingdom invaded lands tonalteca. The monarch of tonal assembled a strong army and this defeated the invaders. For this they were given in appreciation of Tlajomulco land.

In 1530, Tonallan was ruled by a woman named cihualpilli tzapotzinco and had as tributaries to the manors of Tlaquepaque, tololotlan, coyol mexquitan, tzalatitan, Atemajac Tateposco, Tlajomulco cuescomatitan, Coyutla and Toluquilla.> During the Spanish domination Tonallan township was named the new kingdom of Galicia in Santiago called Tonala.

About 1621, the town of Tonala was the second settlement of the nomadic dof., They are settled here from August 8, 1533 until February. 1535.

In 1824, Tonala becomes one of the 26 dept. In that split the organization, comprising people Zapotlanejo Juanacatlan, holy faith and tecualtitan with fairies. Zapotlanejo and Miraflores.

It is then granted the title of town to the town of Tonala.

In 1889 he had belonged to tonal dept. Zapotlanejo happened to be part of San Pedro and finally in September 1873, and he begins to name tonal municipality.

www.elclima.com.mx/tonala.htm

Festivals, dance and traditions of Tonala

Sun holidays calls are part of the festivities of this place and are carried out from 1 April 14, these are some of the most important holidays, these craft exhibitors attending the state.

In all these days will make a number of traditional events:

Native dances, folk dances, traditional street markets, traditional food exhibition, parades, the election of the queen as well as cultural and sporting events.

Also effect the Feast of the Holy Cross from 3 to 5 May and of course the festivals held in honor of Saint James, who is the patron of the people, were carried out for a week around July 25th is the day principal, are performed dances such as the tastoanes and matachines, with bands and by the evening, fireworks and bazaars.

Tastoanes meaning of the word

Tastan word comes from the Nahuatl voice

“Tlatoani” which means “the gentlemen”

“Those who have the authority to send”

“Lords of servants”

“Sovereign Lord”

Tastoanes: Tonal, places and history

Now I will talk specifically about the tastoanes in Tonala.

The mask of a strange taste, is the main element and that is what identifies her outfit. With them, represent human faces deformed by smallpox and sores, some of these features are also found with zoomorphic, meaning they have some characteristics of animals such as dogs, cats, wolves or any other animal and are decorated with snakes , scorpions and spiders belonging to the region xictepetl (hill of the navel), now known as the hill of the queen was raised that was where the battle of the Spanish and natives. Some masks are painted as if they had injuries, they represent the blows of Santiago, is for this reason that the masks are an expression of pain, it also has long hair, which are usually made of maguey fiber or tails horse and cow. Also worth mentioning that these are made by artisans of the town of Tonala.

Development of the masks

The masks worn by Tastuanes should be developed or rather are made with materials like clay or ceramics in different finishes. According to tradition must have representations of snakes, lizards, scorpions etc. As for the hair should be ixtle, cow or horse tails as already mentioned. In addition to other important points in the development of these include the design, production, finishing and expressiveness.

History

In 1892 the priest Jaime de anesgasti and flames always referred to the dance of the tastoanes as the “fun of tastoanes” and do not know the reason why at that time was stopped this tradition tastoanes in Tonala which, according to Miguel battery stud, was resumed by Sebastian Ladin on 25 July 1918, witnessing a comeback miguel stack, and the same villagers. Upon the death of Sebastian Ladin was given the post to other lords, including roses battery was Cyril, father of Miguel stack. On the death of Cyril was this who was the conversation that his father had copied from his own original handwriting of retaining Sebastian. Pila trouser continued the tradition for several more years by Martin de la Cruz, Pablo Jimon and Marin Lemus, until he left with the job.

The people of Tonala Pila Miguel Galan recognize as the representative older who participated in the dance of the tastoanes and is also recognized by the person who has been keeping alive the tradition of tastoanes for several decades of the twentieth century.

By the year 1988 came a group led by Joseph Rey tastoanes Aguirre Corona and formed another, led by Dionisio Aguirre Reyes.

Dance of the Tastoanes

The dance of the tastoanes is what makes this festival so unique traditional Tonala addition to their clothing.

Mosque, cauliflower, Holy Cross in the gardens, St. Andrew, Huentitan and tone are sites that performed the traditional dance of the tastoanes, which also called Moors and Christians.

This dance originated in the colonial era and signifies the triumph of indigenous chimalhuacanos on St James (who is representing the conquerors).

It is with this dance that recalls the support of the Apostle Santiago in the Spanish conquest of the region.

The tastoanes are characterized by the cries become screams that cause the audience moments of anguish and fear. This dance is a dance that has been passed from generation to generation, although there have been some developments or changes in their clothing. Tastoanes dances are accompanied by the flageolet (musical instrument made of wood and like the clarinet).

The members of this dance use their animal masks and costumes is composed of a green shirt, red jacket (garment-fitting, with skirts and long sleeves), trousers and boots of two ears. The person representing St James, is mounted on a white horse and wears a red cape, carrying a cross in his hand and chest, also carries a sword.

The festivities, its evolution

Finally speak to the festivities of its conclusion, as is done and the length approx. Of these.

The celebration of St. James is intimately connected with the dance of the tastoanes and therefore does not make sense without the other. The flute and drummer are in charge of opening acts. Tastoanera popular music is central to this celebration, that without music there tastoaneada.

In celebration, we play songs such as walking, the bull, the leather etc. Also sad religious music and sounds that are presented in the death and dastazamiento of Santiago.

Miguel cell count in the dance of the ladino Sebastian tastoanes Tateposco hired musicians and sometimes also of zalatitan.

The Feast of tastoanes is divided into 3 stages:

1 ^0 at this stage is the announcement that it will be tastoanes do approx. Two days earlier, and announced with the sound of “The Walk” which is what identifies tastoanes of Tonala.

2 ^0 is a day before the feast of St. James, when people and tastoanes are almost ready for the big play the majority to have her outfit for the day.

3rd and last stage is starting early before dawn on July 25. At 5 am the musicians will sing Happy Birthday to the image of Saint Santiago.

And prepare to leave with the image in tow, took to the streets where they will be adding other groups to go to the parish after the priest comes around and blesses the images.

All this celebration lasts for 3 days to approx. One week.

Well I think they and said everything there is to know about this event alone is worth mentioning that in the video that appears below about tastoanes can find little information other than maybe they emphasize what has already been mentioned and also give them to meet other small dots, the information contained in the video was obtained thanks to the people of Tonala who know the holiday and its history since them have witnessed or been closer to her.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the indigenous culture tastoanes is quite important in Jalisco, but not very well known for some believe is the oldest and strong and has remained alive for several decades and to date has not lost the tradition of celebrating her dance thanks to the people who still continues to participate in it some as part of dance and other viewers as well as I seem to admire the fact that not only takes place in one municipality of Jalisco if not in several municipalities in the state and all this with a very close relationship with the patron saint of the Apostle Santiago region.

In addition to your costume, dance and masks is unique and the best thing is that the masks are created by artisans in Tonala inhabitants themselves very impressive is the process of the parties, as performed and their duration and history this dance that remains despite the years, from colonial times approx. and viewers quite like creating in them feelings that are very different because it combines Christian and pagan elements and mixes joy with sorrow.

For this and above all I think it is a culture that will remain intact during the passage of time as it is transmitted from generation to generation and remains in the taste of the people especially the people of the region by me part is all I hope you all stay more clear about this culture that I find very interesting.

Bibliography

Groups.msn.com/RUBENYSUAPOLZACATECAS/lostastoanes.msnw