* The concept of home automation and intelligent buildings

* Applications in architectural areas

* Economic Survey of intelligent buildings

* Examples of energy savings obtained

CONCEPT OF AUTOMATION AND INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS

Definitions of home automation

Domo (Latin domus): home.

Mathematics: (from the Greek word automatic) that works by itself.

Intelligent technology for domestic scale.

Electromechanical applications, integrated control and management, with the aim of generating energy savings, improved safety and comfort for the user.

oil crisis, with the main objective to generate savings in consumption.

Initially focused on large industries by developing space industries, chemicals, and others. These are great investment to achieve energy savings.

The continuous technological research in the field led to the expansion of supply, technology, and therefore an increase in the scope of solutions.

Thanks to this early start to appear intelligent buildings. At this point the technology still had high costs and because it was used mainly in high consumption buildings such as hospitals, hotels, and offices of large corporations.

In recent years, the significant drop in manufacturing costs of technology products, has further increased the options available, emerging new suppliers in Europe and Asis. This last push towards home market opening, with bespoke options, enabling its implementation in homes and buildings, not just luxury but as a middle segment.

resource consumption.

* Security.

* Comfort.

efficiency of maintenance services.

* Reduced overall costs through automation of tasks outsourced.

* Obtaining information critical to making deciciones.

* Improved quality of life by controlling air conditioning and lighting adjusted in real time according to the sensed parameters.

* Possibility of integration with new technologies.

* Control and verification in real time and through multiple media events that happen within the context.

Main incorporated into automated control systems

* Air conditioning systems.

* Lighting.

* System power.

* Lifts and elevators.

* Control of local and remote access.

* Closed Circuit TV.

* Anti-theft devices, perimeter security.

* Fire detection routines.

* Activation of fire suppression systems.

* Management of health facilities.

* Administration of hydraulic facilities.

* Management of electrical installations.

* Security.

Features incorporated into the automated control

* Energy management

* Control of demand for general consumption (pumps and motors).

* Control of efficiency of air conditioners.

* Automated Lighting Control.

* Control power supply (alternative)

* Security

* Perimeter security and interior, with telephone alert system, phone and SMS.

* Recording and saving images from closed circuit TV.

* Access control.

* Fire detection and suppression.

* Control of gas leaks.

* Electrical safety systems (circuit breakers, etc.).

* Comfort

* Activation of routines and functions, with time control, occurrence of events, or manually.

* Automate routine tasks.

* Monitoring and management in local and remote (Internet, Mobile, etc.).

AUTOMATION SOLUTIONS FOR HOMES AND BUILDINGS

Intelligent Systems

Interconnect the various input devices (smoke detectors, motion, humidity, etc.) And output (motor blinds, sinks, lights, sirens, etc..) To one or more switchboards.

Inside the panels are placed intelligent control modules interconnected to each other using a special bus. They both are connected using conventional wiring, keys thermal, and other electronic or electromechanical devices.

Through the bus which connects the intelligent modules, is composed of a pair and shielded copper mesh, which is transmitted by the RS485 serial signals.

The system can generate events or scenes, using different sub-systems are integrated with each other. Such is the case of irrigation, fire alarms and intrusion, the central control of lights, the command connected to the electrical outlets, warning entry, etc.

administrative operations of the same.

* Welcome scenarios can be programmed, for absences, other events, as defined by the user.

* Automate routine tasks and tedious.

* Example: The automation of the irrigation system will cover this function through variable relative humidity, considering the season (winter, spring, etc.) And time of day. You can activate remotely.

* Implementation of “zones” lighting (different lighting circuits in the same environment), and the variation of its intensity through the use of dimmers.

* Another important feature is the electrical safety, and a notable feature in this, is the control of time in which to initialize the devices on a particular scene. It is anticipated the power of lighting, air conditioning and other systems, in coordination with no overlapping, then the occurrence of a power outage, or the start of it, avoiding the overhead caused by turning sharply and starts to deteriorate risk of electrical installation.

Jacuzzi motor will not be necessary to control the filling of it, since it stops at the alerting us to the desired level through some specified signal. Integrating these subsystems to each other would be cumbersome and complicated from the point of view and traditional logic.

Example: Mode “holidays” usual activities are scheduled:

Scene 1:

* Activation of irrigation at 7.00 pm.

* Off 7.30 pm.

* Activation night security alarms.

* Off at 8.00 pm to let the cleaning staff.

* Simulation of presence in the house as a deterrent.

Other modes are also programmed with the same potential and the different variants of scenes:

Modes:

* “Working.”

* “Night.”

* “Momentary output.”

* “Weekend.”

* Etc.

ARCHITECTURAL APPLICATION AREAS

Economic Analysis

Quantifiable factors, for homes and smart buildings

Quantifiable factors in buildings application of smart technologies

The real estate valuation, the amortization of the initial investment, based on consumption.

Application Areas

* Housing.

* Hotels.

* Offices.

* Exhibition halls.

* Hospitals.

* Banks.

* Supermarkets and shopping malls.

ECONOMIC SURVEY OF INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS

Key points

* The increased cost.

* Increased productivity.

* The choice of an intelligent building is a strategic decision of a general direction that bet on the future.

Quantifiable factors

Advantages that we can assess and analyze concrete over the life of the building that incorporates these concepts. Energy management, consumption and maintenance management.

Quantifiable factors

Services provided by the intelligent buildings that are non-dimensional factors, but necessary for the evolution of profitability.

Destination of the most important part of energy consumed by an office building

* Illumination: 47%.

* Cooling: 15%.

* Ventilation: 15%.

* Heat: 9%.

* Office equipment: 8%.

* Lifts: 4%.

* Other: 2%.

Search levels of reduced energy costs

Level 1: basic compliance packaging.

Level 2: selection of the HVAC system.

Level 3: Selection of the lighting system.

Level 4: strategies inherent in each building, orientation, sunlight, protection, etc.

Design factors that influence the energy savings

* Insulation in walls.

* Surface glass.

* Selection of HVAC systems and equipment.

* More efficient lighting (low energy equipment).

* Sources of energy (cogeneration).

* Position of building in the environment.

Characteristics of a system A.E. (Energy saving) incorporated

* Control of electrical energy.

* Disconnect cyclic loads.

* Disconnecting a function of peak load demand.

Pre-cooling * morning.

* Start-stop schedule.

* Start-stop function of the calendar.

* Start-stop, depending on environmental conditions.

* Start step (lines of windows).

* Divert consumption to hours reduced rate.

The incorporation of concepts of intelligence to the building over its life, allowing

* Reduction of reconfiguration costs by 50%.

* Reduced energy and maintenance costs by 50%.

* Increase staff productivity by 5%.

Assessment of the cost increase in building an intelligent building over a conventional

* According to IBI (usa) Institute of Intelligent Buildings

* Overruns: interval between 2 and 15%.

* Overrun 30 to $ 100 more per m2.

* Global Construction Cost: 5 to 10%.

* According to British consultancy:

* Overruns: interval between 8 and 10%.

* 1 to 1.5% annual maintenance savings on the cost of the building.

Rating in energy saving

*

* 17.5% reduction in energy costs through the use of a management system

* Save 60% on lighting

* Average savings of 20% in HVAC systems

Economic aspects influencing maintenance management

* Quantifiable factors

*

* Allows you know the constant reduction of maintenance costs

* Reduced cost of new equipment

* Reduced materials renewal

* Improved productivity

* Predictive and Preventive Maintenance

* Early detection of faults that will prevent the spread of chain (pumps, compressors, elevators, etc.).

* Non-quantifiable factors

*

* Corporate image

* interior design of a highly technical environment

* Attention qualified staff

* Productivity applications and services available

* Security (assets and personnel)

* Lower cost of adaptation to user needs

* Adaptability to technological changes

Examples of energy savings

Hypermarket

Application: Intelligent lighting control.

Results obtained from 42 to 55% energy savings.

Repayment: 6 months to 1.5 years.

Office building

Application: lighting common areas, electricity and conventional smart.

Technology costs (Matt. + MO) = U $ S 405,000.

Electricity = 34.48% * U $ S 139,644.

* Lighting = 2.15% U $ S 8,707.

* Intelligent Systems = 63.37% U $ S 256,649.

* Materials = 74.85% of total U $ S 303,142.

* M.O. = 25.15% of total U $ S 101,858.

Total civilian labor force items

* Intelligent systems and electronic .= U $ S 405,000.

* Courtain wall cladding = U $ S 506,580.

* Lifts = U $ S 135,090.

* Air conditioning = U $ S 101,317.

* Civil works = U $ S 2,026,342.

* Completions = U $ S 337,724.

Total work = U $ S 3,511,873.

Percentage increase with respect to civil works

* Cost work = u $ s 3,106,873.

* Total cost of work = u $ s 3,511,873.

* Intelligent System Cost = u $ s 405,000 11.54% of the total cost of the work.

* Total Building Area = 10750.24 m2.

* Cost per m2 = u $ s 327.

* Cost per m2 Intelligent System = u $ s 37.60.

Country Housing

Housing data

* Area = 400 m2.

* Land Area = 1,200 m2.

* 230 mouths to electricity.

* 65 outlets with earth special systems.

* 14 PIR for security.

* 6-circuit irrigation system.

* Light control system (72 effects, 32 -3 with intelligent switches, infrared receiver, remote control).

* 16 of the 32 key switches = 4 points (values of the keys: 1 point U $ S 70, 2 U $ S 80 points, 3 points U $ S 90).

Characteristics of the technological solution

* Control lighting event.

* Control of scenes: Hall and master bedroom.

* Syst. Paging: service areas and public areas. For modular keys. 3 keys and 3 speakers.

* Syst. Key modules: 6 emergency lamps, 1 message recorder and gas leak detector.

* Armed with 2 boards (1900×1000 principal. And the sectional 1900×700).

* Provision of board components (thermal, circuit breakers, fuses, etc.)..

* Wiring smart low signal (fieldbus, 36 v).

* Modular Wiring keys.

* Software development and implementation in the system.

* Training of users.

Total civilian labor force items

* Cost Housing = U $ S 1,000 m2.

* Total: U $ S 400,000.

* Smart and Cost sist system. Power (less than 220 power wiring Art Lighting v) = U $ S 23,500.

Percentage increase from 5.88% civil works

The above values correspond to studies conducted in previous years, considering a high automation level, to obtain real values of the current market need for a study of the requirement.

For a blueprint you can contact the firm for free realization of it in the count with the description of the devices for home automation, building, etc.., And the costs of purchasing and installing them.

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Author

Bernard Devereux

And Building Automation Specialist.